翻譯原文:
黃河全長約5000公里,是中國第二長河,僅次于長江(the Yangtze River)。黃河發源于青海省,流經中國青海、四川、甘肅、寧夏、陜西等9個省區,最后流入渤海。由于夾帶了大量的泥沙(silt)。黃河的河水呈黃色。在中國歷史上,黃河流域給中華文明帶來了巨大的影響,也是中華民族最主要的發源地。因此黃河被稱為“中華文明的搖籃(cradle)”和中國的“母親河”。
1.第1句中的“全長……公里”可表達為is... kilometers long,也可表達為has a length of..., kilometers。“第二長河”,在數量、規模等方面要表達“第幾長”、“第幾大”時應該是序數詞加上形容詞的最高級,故這里譯為the second longestriver。“僅次于”可以表達為only second to或second to,如“他舉世無雙”,譯為 He is second to none。
2.翻譯第2句“黃河發源于……,流經……,最后流入……,可沿用原文的結構,譯作The Yellow River has itsorigin in...,flows through..., and finally pours itself into...,但此種譯法稍顯生硬、平淡。可將 “黃河發源于…”處理為狀語,用介詞短語With its origin in...表達,使譯文主次分明。“青海、四川、甘肅、寧夏、陜西等9個省區”翻譯時可以先譯中心詞“9個省區”,具體的省區名稱可以用such as引出,作為進一步說明。“流經”、“流入渤海”,這里的“流”可譯為flow,但為了避免用詞重復、譯文表達豐富,“流人渤海”可更換表達為 enter the sea,reach the sea 或 pours itself into the sea。
3.第3句中的原因狀語“由于夾帶了大量的泥沙”表達為because it carries a lot of silt。“呈黃色”表達為inyellow 或 in the color of yellow,介詞 in 表示“處于某種狀態”。
4.第4句中的“黃河流域給中華文明帶來……”可直譯為the Yellow River basin brings significant influenceto...”但這樣處理不如將名詞短語“巨大的影響”轉譯為動詞短語來得簡單明了,表達為the Yellow River basininfluences... significantly。
參考譯文:
The Yellow River is about 5,000 kilometers long. It isthe second longest river in China, only second to theYangtze River. With its origin in Qinghai Province, theYellow River flows through nine provinces of Chinasuch as Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, andShanxi, and finally pours itself into the Bohai Sea.Because it carries a lot of silt, the water of the River is in yellow. In Chinese history, the YellowRiver basin influences Chinese civilization significantly and is also the major birthplace of Chinesenation. Therefore, the Yellow River is called "the Cradle of Chinese Civilization" and "MotherRiver" of China.
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