1.I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. 我住在一個由美麗的樹林環繞的古老的小鎮上。
這是一個主從復合句，which is surrounded by ... 為定語從句，修飾town。which 指代 town 。從句用的是被動語態，“被......所包圍”，如果將從句獨立為一個句子，則為：My town is surrounded by beautiful woods.
2. on Sundays 是泛指“在星期天”，而不是指在某個星期天。
3.hundreds of people，數以百計的(游)人。
hundreds of people 復數形式表概數，“數以......計的”與 of 連用，作名詞的修飾語，其后面的名詞必然是復數形式。
4. . . . to see our town and to walk through the woods. 來參觀我們的小鎮并在樹林中散步。
to see our town and to walk through the woods 為不定式短語作目的狀語。
這里用 and 連接的兩個動詞不定式。介詞through，“穿過”，強調縱深向，如：walk through the forest 穿過森林：而 across 強調橫向，如：
walk across the street 橫穿街道
5.Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy.游客已被告知要保持樹林的整潔。
現在完成時的被動語態，說明需求的行為應為游客所知。(句中 have been asked是被動語態的完成時結構。詳見本課語法部分。)to keep the woods clean and tidy 是動詞不定式短語，作主語visitors的補足語。clean and tidy 是賓語 the woods 的賓語補足語。
clean and tidy 表示“整潔的，清潔的”這是英語中的常用結構，其它常見的類似結構還有：black and blue 青一塊紫一塊;happy and gay 高高興興
heart and soul 全心全意，一心一意
6.go for a walk，去散步。
7.What I saw made me very sad.我所見到的一切使我非常難過。
句中的主語 What I saw 是 what 引導的名詞性從句(主語從句)。例如：
What the little boy did surprised his mother. 那個小男孩所做的一切使他母親十分驚訝。
What you do makes me happy. 你所做的是我愉快。
8. The litter baskets were empty and ground was covered with pieces of paper，cigarette ends，old tyres，empty bottles and rusty tins.
句中 and 連接的并列句，“the litter baskets were empty” 與“groun was ... 分別為兩個并列分句，be covered with ... 被 ...... 覆蓋。如：
The desks are covered with dust. 桌子上布滿了灰塵。
The ground was covered with snow. 地上覆蓋著雪。
9. Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted!凡在此樹林里丟垃圾者，將依法處置。
這是一個主從復合句，who 引導定語從句，修飾先行詞anyone 。will be prosecuted 為將來時的被動語態。
Anyone who comes to the party is welcome. 該晚會來者不拒。
Anyone who breaks the traffic regulations will be fined. 任何違反交通規則的人都會被罰款。
新概念英語第一冊143-144課文詳注語法知識點 Grammar in use
被動語態(2)
上一次介紹了被動語態的一般現在時和一般過去時形式，這里介紹其現在完成時和一般將來時形式：
(1)現在完成時形式： has/have + been + 過去分詞：
The basket has already been emptied. 籃子已經被騰空了。
They have already been invited. 他們已被邀請。
(2)一般將來時形式： will/shall +be +過去分詞：
The floor will be swept soon. 地不久就會掃的。
The knives will be sharpened soon. 刀不久就會磨的。
新概念英語第一冊143-144課文詳注詞匯學習 Word study
1.place v.
(1)(小心地)放;放置：
He placed the record back to the shelf.
他把唱片放回到架子上。
Their request placed me in a difficult position.
他們的要求將我置于困境。
(2)任命;安置：
The company has placed him with a branch office in Tokyo.
公司任命他在東京的一家分支機構工作。
There is no better way to place the homeless children.
沒有更好的辦法來安置這些無家可歸的孩子們。
2.prosecute v.
(1)起訴，檢舉;依法處置：
Trespassers will be prosecuted.
閑人莫入，違者法辦。
They prosecuted him for shoplifting.
他們起訴他扒竊商店貨物。
(2)〈書面語〉徹底進行;執行：
We are going to prosecute the investigation further.
我們將進一步徹底進行調查。
3.surround v.
包圍;圍繞：
The beautiful white house is surrounded by green trees.
那所漂亮的白房子被綠樹環繞著。
That old professor loved to surround himself with young people.
那位老教授非常喜歡年輕人圍在他左右。
When I went into the room, I saw Tim sitting on the floor surrounded by boxes.
當我走進房間時，我看到蒂姆正坐在地板上，他的四周到處都是盒子。
新概念英語第一冊144課課后練習答案 Key to written exercises
A
1 The writer lives in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods.
2 Because it is a famous beauty spot.
3 Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy.
4 Litter baskets have been placed under the trees.
5 The writer went for a walk in the woods.
6 Yes, he saw a lot of rubbish.
7 He saw a sign among the rubbish.
8 The sign said, ‘Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted.
B
1 Someone has aired it. It has already been aired.
2 Someone has cleaned them. They have already been cleaned.
3 Someone has emptied it. It has already been emptied.
4 Someone has sharpened it. It has already been sharpened.
5 Someone has turned them on. They have already been turned on.
6 Someone has bought them. They have already been bought.
7 Someone has swept it. It has already been swept.
8 Someone has taken them to school. They have already been taken to school.
9 Someone has invited them. They have already been invited.
10 Someone has told them. They have already been told
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