Lhasa, the city of sunlight, topped an annual survey of residents' sense of happiness in Chinese cities。
The capital of the Tibet autonomous region has ranked at the top of the survey conducted by China Central Television for five consecutive years。
In this year’s list, Lhasa was followed by Taiyuan, capital of Shanxi province, Hefei, capital of Anhui province, Tianjin municipality, Changsha, capital of Hunan province, and Hohhot, capital of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region。
The capital cities where residents have the most leisure time include Guiyang, Haikou, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Lhasa, Chengdu and Chongqing。
Around 100,000 households from 104 cities were polled for the survey。
The results showed income level most affected people’s sense of well-being (55.5 percent)， followed by health (48.9 percent) and quality of marriage or love life (32 percent)。
Among people with an annual income of 100,000 yuan ($15,700) or more, 6 percent of respondents said they did not have enough free time, compared with 12 percent for those earning 20,000 yuan or less a year。
People’s favorite leisure time activities are surfing the Web and watching TV. Only a small percentage of respondents said they used free time for education, training, going to the gym or social life, according to the results。
Zou Jun, director of the Jiangsu Institute of Urban Planning and Design in Nanjing, said although similar rankings have been conducted by different organizations, the effort is worthwhile because it helps city administrators create new development paths that give greater consideration to residents’ welfare。
The rankings are a reminder to city planners that they should not only address short-term problems such as creating new jobs, but also long-term ones such as providing a decent standard of living and public services for low-income and migrant households, he said。
Zou said officials like to construct landmark buildings or entertainment facilities in city centers as main attractions, but "a city exists not just for tourists. It exists, more importantly, for those who actually live there"。
No cities from the Yangtze River Delta or Pearl River Delta regions appeared in the new rankings. Zou said people in these regions may have higher incomes but less leisure time for cultural and spiritual interests。
Wang Wenjie, 27, has worked as a human resources specialist at a pharmaceutical company in Shanghai for two years. She has adopted a positive mindset to deal with daily pressures。
"I have a circle of close friends. And I am surrounded by intelligent people with similar interests. Such an environment inspires me to grow and learn," Wang said。
Wang’s parents in Fuzhou, Fujian province, used to worry about her, but after visiting Shanghai they became convinced that she enjoys living there。
Wang said she enjoys helping people learn new skills and seeing a sparkle in their eyes。
"I think of five things that I am grateful for when I go to bed every night," she said, "For me, keeping a positive mindset is the key to finding happiness in life."
Wang finishes work at 5 pm and has plenty of time to do activities she enjoys, such as swimming, hanging out with friends, going to a reading group and watching theater performances。
"Living in big cities may involve pressure due to higher expenses. But they can offer a rich cultural life for people to feel more fulfilled," she said。
8月19日，央視財經頻道在拉薩舉辦“2012幸福城市市長論壇”，論壇期間發布的數據顯示，拉薩連續6年位列居民幸福感前三名，而重慶則進入了幸福感排名前十強。
重慶位列前十強
根據央視的調查，休閑時間排名前十的省會城市(十大休閑之城)是：貴陽、海口、廣州、杭州、拉薩、成都、重慶、太原、福州和長沙。
幸福感排名前十的省會城市(十大幸福之城)是：拉薩、太原、合肥、天津、長沙、呼和浩特、石家莊、濟南、銀川、重慶。
休閑時間多而幸福感也強的城市有4個：拉薩、重慶、太原、長沙。重慶同時進入兩個排名的前十強。調查指出，重慶躋身前十，除了市民收入水平的提升外，擁有較充分的休閑時間也是理由之一。
據悉，本次調查涉及全國104個城市300個縣的10萬戶家庭，圍繞“居民幸福感”等核心話題開展了為期一年的調查。
年入10萬元是休閑門檻
本次調查還顯示，年收入10萬元是收入上的“休閑門檻”所在：年收入在2萬元以下的較低收入人群中，12.01%的人沒有休閑時間，休閑時間每天在1-2個小時之間的比例最大；而年收入在10萬元以上的較高收入人群中，只有5.87%的人沒有休閑時間，休閑時間每天在2-3個小時之間的比例最大，休閑時間每天在3小時以上的高達33.87%。
在休閑活動中，人們最熱衷的是上網、看電視，相對而言，學習培訓、健身鍛煉、社交娛樂的從事比例很小。
本次調查中，70%的受訪者年收入在5萬元以下。也就是說，大部分人依然在“有錢和有閑不能兼得”中掙扎，無法保證同時擁有高收入和高閑暇。
收入成影響首因
“老百姓從來不用GDP來衡量幸福。當人均GDP超過3.7萬元后，收入對幸福感的提高作用就逐漸減弱了。”昨天，北京大學(微博)國家發展研究院副院長胡大源在論壇上介紹。
據他稱，2012年，中國百姓預期自己收入會增加的比例達到了54.4%，也就是說超過半數的人對今年的收入增長是有信心的。而最樂觀的受訪者，來自上海、重慶和海南。從年齡段來看，對收入增加最有信心的，是18歲到35歲的年輕人。
而央視的調查則顯示，影響百姓幸福感的首要因素，仍然是收入水平(55.53%)，排在第二和第三位的分別是健康狀況(48.91%)、婚姻或感情生活狀況(32.09%)。
影響幸福感的因素排序
收入水平(55.53%)、健康狀況(48.91%)、婚姻或感情生活狀況(32.09%)、社會保障(28.72%)、人際關系(27.96%)、道德風氣(21.39%)、事業成就感(21.37%)、環境衛生(15.95%)、自身性格(12.72%)
怎樣才是幸福的人兒？
你感覺幸福嗎？央視經濟生活大調查的結果顯示，全國有44.6%的受訪者感覺幸福，其中有13.33%的人感覺“很幸福”。
這部分最幸福的人是什么樣？他有本科以上的學歷，家庭年收入超過了10萬元。不過，別打他的主意啦，他已經結婚，名花有主了！在很多人為了生活忙忙碌碌的時候，他一天的休閑時間卻有4小時以上，上網、看電視、購物逛街是他們最常見的休閑娛樂方式。去年，他又買車又買房，讓不少人羨慕嫉妒恨。
調查還顯示，今年，這部分最幸福的人預計自己收入還會增加，也想投資股票和樓市，一般的小煩惱還真不能撼動他們的幸福感。最影響他們幸福感的，是社會保障、事業成就感和環境衛生。
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