語法要點：直接引語和間接引語屬于賓語從句范疇。直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引語；用自己的話轉述別人的話， 或引用自己說過的話，叫間接引語。由于時間、地點以及人物都有可能起變化，所以間接引語中的時態、人稱、語序、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等要作相應的變化。

1. 直接引語和間接引語的轉換方法

① 間接引語語序改為陳述句語序

陳述句用 that 引導，口語中常省略 She said，例：

“I am going to the cinema. ”

→ She said (that) she was going to the cinema.

② 一般疑問句

用if/whether連接，例：

“Have you ever travelled by plane?” she asked me.

→ She asked me if / whether I had travelled by plane.

③ 反意疑問句

用if/whether連接，例：

He asked，“You are a doctor， aren’t you?”

→ He asked (me) if / whether I was a doctor.

④ 特殊疑問句

由原疑問詞連接(如疑問代詞是主語，不要改變語序)，例：

He asked, “Who will come to help us?”

→ He asked who would come to help them.

She said, “Where have you been， Simon?”

→ She asked Simon where he had been.

⑤ 選擇疑問句

由 whether…or 引導，例：

Eddie said, “Is this a TV set or a computer?”

→ Eddie asked (me) whether that was a TV set or a computer.

⑥ 祈使句

用“tell /ask /order someone (not) to do something” 結構，將動詞原形變為動詞不定式，例：

“Put up your hands，” said the teacher.

→ The teacher told them to put up their hands.

“Don’t play football on the street，” the policeman said.

→ The policeman ordered us not to play football on the street.

2. 時態的變化

如主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時，直接引語變間接引語時，從句的謂語動詞在時態上要作相應變化：

直接引語 間接引語

一般現在時 → 一般過去時

現在進行時 → 過去進行時

現在完成時 → 過去完成時

一般過去時 → 過去完成時

過去完成時 → 過去完成時(不變)

一般將來時 → 過去將來時

3. 指示代詞、時間狀語和地點狀語，直接引語變間接引語時的變化

① 指示代詞

this →that

these → those

② 時間狀語

now → then

today → that day

tonight → that night

this morning(week， month…) → that morning(week， month …)

tomorrow → the next day

next week(month…) → the next week(month …)

yesterday → the day before

last week(month…) → the week(month…) before

three days(a year …) ago → three days(a year …) before

③ 地點狀語 here → there

④ 動詞 come → go

特別提示：以上變化要根據說話的實際情況來定，不要機械地照搬。假如就在當地轉述，here 就不必改為there；如果就在當天轉述，yesterday，tomorrow 等時間狀語也不必改變。

直擊考點

一、單項填空

1. — My parents always tell me others late at night.

— They’re right. It’s not polite.

A. call B. not call C. to call D. not to call

(06年 福州)

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