除了刷題,更重要的是總結,總結考點的常見出題形式,劃線部分的位置,錯誤選項的設置。這樣才能快速判斷考點,提高做題速度。以下就是10個最容易錯的ACT語法點,同學們一定要好好看!
1. 要素完整
出題形式:
主語和謂語被修飾成分隔開,主語和修飾成分劃線
定語從句中主語和謂語被修飾成分隔開,定從主語和修飾成分劃線
兩個并列謂語必須要用連詞連接
解題思路:
一定要找出劃線部分句子的所有謂語。如果主語和謂語之間被修飾成分隔開,修飾成分前后必須保持一致。
例題:
1)Company, wanting to boost its sales of bacon, hired a reputable expert in public relations named Edward Bernays.
NO CHANGE
Company wanting
Company wanted
Company wants
解題思路:第一步,先找出主語和謂語。主語是 “company”, 謂語是 “hired”. 第二步,發現主語和謂語被修飾成分隔開,那么修飾成分“wanting to boost its sales of bacon” 前后標點必須保持一致。因為題中修飾成分后用逗號隔開,所以修飾成分前也必須有逗號。所以直接選A
2)Without the tree, the front yard changed. Some cacti, which I’d never given much attention to went wild, blossoming in crimson flowers.
A. NO CHANGE
B. cacti, that
C. cacti,
D. cacti
解題思路:第一步,找出劃線部分句子的主語和謂語。主語是 “some cacti”, 謂語是 “went”. 第二步,發現主語和謂語被修飾成分隔開,那么修飾成分前后標點必須保持一致。因為題中修飾成分后沒有用逗號隔開,所以修飾成分前也不用逗號隔開。最后只有D滿足條件。
3)Bernays gained fame from his application of psychology to business strategy; after being hired by varied groups and corporations, became known as “the father of public relations.”
A. NO CHANGE
B. strategy and,
C. strategy; and
D. strategy,
解題思路:第一步,找出劃線部分句子的主語和謂語。主語是 “Bernays”, 謂語是 “gained” 和 “became”。因為兩個并列謂語必須要用連詞連接,V1 and V2. 所以最后只能選B。B選項中 “and” 和 “became” 之間插入了修飾成分,前后都要用逗號隔開。這道題錯誤率非常高,所以大家切記找謂語時一定要把題中所有的謂語動詞都找出來。
4)One of the liveliest folk music forms to develop in the twentieth century is Tejano music.
A. NO CHANGE
B. One of the most liveliest
C. The most lively
D. The liveliest
解題思路:第一步,找出主語和謂語。主語是 “One of the liveliest folk music forms”, 謂語是 “is”. 第二步,發現主語和謂語被修飾成分隔開,修飾成分前后標點保持一致。所以直接選A。這道題很多人錯的原因是把 “forms” 誤認為謂語動詞。如何避免這種錯誤呢?一定要把句中所有的謂語動詞都找出來。發現兩個謂語動詞沒有用連詞連接,肯定只能有一個謂語動詞了。
5)The morning sun shines through wind-whipped branches create an odd effect in the artist’s studio.
NO CHANGE
shone
shining
shined
解題思路:這道題和上一題是同一種出題形式。很多人誤選A的原因都是沒有找到句中真正的謂語動詞 “create”。一旦找到謂語動詞 “create”,那主謂之間的成分只能是修飾成分,所以只能選C
6)Banneker’s grandmother was an indentured servant from England whom, after completing the term of her contract, bought some land and then married a freed slave.
A. NO CHANGE
B. who,
C. which,
D. OMIT the underlined portion.
解題思路:定語從句里面的主語和謂語被修飾成分隔開,修飾成分前后標點也必須保持一致。所以直接選B。
2. 句子連接
出題形式:
S1,S2兩句話之間劃線
S1, 修飾成分, S2 劃線部分在S1最后和修飾成分之間
解題思路:
兩句話只能用連詞或者分號,冒號,破折號連接
例題:
1)This knowledge reassures and inspires me. When I remember that human beings share many of he same hopes, and fears, dreams and disappointments, then I can help my relationship.
A. NO CHANGE
B. myself when
C. me, when
D. me when
解題思路:看到兩句話之間劃線,馬上聯想句子連接這個考點。前面是一個簡單句。后面是“when”連接的一個主從句。兩句話用句號連接,所以正確,直接選A。很多人誤選其他選項是把副詞“then”誤認為連詞。“thus, therefore, thereafter, however, nonetheless, then, also, meanwhile” 這些詞都是常考的副詞,不能連接兩個句子。
2)A horse-in-motion provides steady sensory input to the patient, and then the walking speed of the horse can be controlled, so can the level of sensory input.
A. NO CHANGE
B. this means
C. and because
D. DELETE the underlined portion.
解題思路:看到連句話之間劃線,馬上聯想句子連接這個考點。一共有三個句子,第三個句子是一個難點。第三句中的 “so” 并不是連詞,而是代詞。是一個倒裝句。所以三個句子需要有兩個連詞連接,只能選C。“and” 連接S1和S2. “because” 連接S2和S3.
3)In the 1960s, she moved into the White House with her husband, President Lyndon Johnson, by then widely known as “Lady Bird” Johnson, this crusader took a stand for native plants and the wildlife that depend on them.
A. NO CHANGE
B. Johnson. By
C. Johnson by
D. Johnson by,
4)A forest crowded in on all sides as if trying to smother the castle, like a dragon’s tongue, a red flag snapped in the March wind.
NO CHANGE
castle. Like
castle like
castle,
解題思路:第三題和第四題出題形式完全一樣。都是在第一句話最后和修飾成分之間劃線。馬上聯想句子連接考點。一般都是直接把修飾成分前面逗號改成句號,修飾成分大寫。ACT常出現的修飾成分包括 doing, done, 介詞短語。這種題每次考試都會出現,本書并不難,難在很多同學并不能馬上識別句子連接這個考點。
3. however
出題形式:
S1. However, S2
S, however, VO
解題思路:
however是副詞,可以作插入語,通常插在一句話主語和謂語之間。前后用逗號隔開。
一定不能連接兩個句子,所以如果在兩句話之間,必須將“however”前面的逗號改成句號。
1)In college, she explored and refined this fascination, however, her personal life would not sit still for her art.
NO CHANGE
fascination, however
fascination however
fascination; however,
解題思路:劃線部分在兩句話之間,馬上聯想句子連接考點。however是副詞,不能連接兩句話,所以直接選一個能夠連接兩句話的選項,最后選D
2)He found out, however, that the public preferred live magic acts to filmed version.
NO CHANGE
out, however;
out, however
out however,
解題思路:“however” 在謂語和賓語從句之間作插入語,所以前后要用逗號隔開。直接選A
4. must do VS must have done
出題形式:
must后面劃線
解題思路:
must do: 意思是必須
must have done: 表示推斷,意思是一定
需要根據句意選擇
例題
History stays alive in the telling, as previous keepers must understand each time they looked at the pictures on their winter count and started to speak.
A. NO CHANGE
B. have understood
C. had understood
D. understood
解題思路:在句中表示的是意思是一定理解,而不是必須理解,所以直接選B
5. 判斷代詞單復數
出題形式:
通常考察代詞所有格的時候需要判斷名詞的單數和復數形式
解題思路:
一定要根據前文去判斷名詞單復數形式,千萬不要根據常識亂選
例題:
The human eye contains rod cells, which allow us to see black and white and perceive gradations of lightness, and cone cells, which allow us to see color. Almost all instances of color blindness involve only the eye’s reception of red and green.
A. NO CHANGE
B. eye’s recepting
C. eyes’ reception
D. eyes’ receipting
解題思路:首先B,D排除,因為不存在 recepting, receipting. 然后需要判斷 “eye”到底是單數還是復數。很多同學選錯都是因為直接認為眼鏡應該是復數而選了C。記住一定要根據前文判斷,因為前面出現了 “the human eye”,所以要用單數。
6. 限制性同位語VS非限制性同位語
出題形式:
身份+人名
解題思路:
當表示特指的時候,需要我們辨別到底同位語是限制性還是非限制性的,限制性同位語前后不用逗號隔開,非限制性同位語前后用逗號隔開。
其實很簡單,大家只需要判斷同位語所修飾的前面的名詞是不是唯一確定的,例如第一句里面 “the American president”并不知道是指哪一位總統,所以需要同位語修飾,同位語前后不同逗號隔開。第二句里面 “the 13th American president” 是唯一確定的。并不需要同位語的修飾,所以后面的同位語“leo”前后用逗號隔開。
The American president Leo participated in the meeting.
The 13th American president, Leo, participated in the meeting.
例題:
1)Iago, the villain of the tragedy, Othello strives to undo Othello, a respected
general.
A. NO CHANGE
B. tragedy, Othello,
C. tragedy Othello,
D. tragedy Othello
解題思路:
首先主語是 “Iago”, 謂語是 “strives”。主語和謂語之間的修飾成分前后標點保持一致,所以只能在B,C里面選。接著,“othello”是名詞作同位語修飾前面的名詞 “tragedy”,“the tragedy”并不是唯一確定的,所以需要同位語的修飾,所以不同逗號隔開,直接選C
2)In 2002, Minnesota writer and editor, Mai Neng Moua, created a new literary tradition.
A. NO CHANGE
B. editor Mai Neng Moua
C. editor, Mai Neng Moua
D. editor Mai Neng Moua,
解題思路:
“Minnesota writer and editor”并不是唯一確定的,所以需要同位語修飾,所以同位語前后不用逗號隔開,直接選B
7. 形容詞作狀語就近修飾
出題形式:
Adj, SVO (形容詞位于句首,修飾主語)
SVO, adj(形容詞位于句尾,修飾賓語)
例題
Pleasantly heavy and warm from the sun, I can still imagine the feel of the fruit.
A. NO CHANGE
B. I can still imagine the feel of the fruit, pleasantly heavy and warm from the sun.
C. Pleasantly, the fruit is still warm and heavy where I can feel it in my imagination from the sun.
D. Pleasantly heavy, I can still imagine the feel of the warm fruit from the sun.
解題思路:
句中的“pleasantly heavy and warm from the sun”修飾的是 “fruit”,而不是我,所以應該放在句尾,就近修飾,直接選B
8. SVO, doing VS SVO doing
出題形式:
SVO, doing (doing 位于句尾,用逗號隔開)
SVO doing(doing位于句尾,沒有用逗號隔開)
解題思路:
SVO, doing (doing修飾主語)
SVO doing (doing修飾賓語)
例題
In one shot, my young grandparents toted crates filled with ripe fruit, and my
mother sat on a branch, peering down at the camera.
A. NO CHANGE
B. branch, which peered
C. branch that peered
D. branch peering
解題思路:看見名詞+doing 馬上需要判斷 “peer” 到底修飾前面句子的主語還是賓語。“peer”意思是看,顯然是修飾人,而不是樹枝,所以直接選A
Carving Italian marble by hand, Lewis portrayed Cleopatra taking, her last breath.
NO CHANGE
Cleopatra, taking her last
Cleopatra taking her last
Cleopatra taking her last,
解題思路:句中 “taking her last breath”修飾的是 Cleopatra,而不是 Lewis, 所以doing前沒有逗號,選C
9. 定語從句指代
出題形式:
A of B that/which
解題思路:
當定語從句修飾的名詞是A of B 時,需要根據句意判斷定從到底修飾的是A 還是B,不一定就近修飾
例題:
Even though these groups of animals are only distantly related, they have
similarities in brain structure that accounts for the shared vocal learning ability.
A. NO CHANGE
B. of which accounts
C. of which account
D. that account
解題思路:
根據句意這里定從所修飾的名詞應該是 “similarities”, 所以定從中謂語動詞要用復數形式。選D
10. 兩個形容詞修飾名詞
出題形式:
adj1 adj2 + N
解題思路:
當兩個形容詞可以互換位置時,那兩個形容詞之間用逗號隔開
e.g. a lovely, pretty girl
當兩個形容詞不能互換位置時,那兩個形容詞之間不用逗號隔開
e.g. an international cultural center
例題
The dead tree was a horrific depressing sight, it continued to shed its dry
needles all over the yard.
A. NO CHANGE
B. horrified
C. horrible
D. horribly
解題思路:
很多同學會誤選成A或C,如果是用 horrific 和 depressing修飾sight, 這兩個形容詞可以互換位置,所以之間有逗號,而A,C都沒有逗號,所以選D
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